Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a prevalent kidney disease characterized by a significant risk of morbidity. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the mean PLATELET volume in children with nephrotic syndrome and controls and compare the groups of patients. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the pediatric nephrology ward at Zahedan University, Iran, on 491 participants consisting of 333 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and 156 healthy children. Changes in PLATELET count and mean PLATELET volume were evaluated in the groups of nephrotic syndrome and healthy children, as well as in steroid-resistant and steroid-responsive patients. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 20 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). The levels of p-value and confidence coefficient were considered 0.05 and 95%, respectively. Results: The mean PLATELET count changed significantly in the steroid-responsive, steroid-resistant, and control groups. The mean PLATELET volume was also significantly different in the steroid-responsive, steroid-resistant, and control groups. In the patients, the mean PLATELET counts were 413.26 ± 131.81 and 331.26 ± 102.28 (P < 0.001) in those with active phase and remission, respectively. The differences between mean PLATELET volumes were 8.28 ± 1.22 and 7.96 ± 1.04 (P < 0.001) in those with active phase and remission, respectively. PLATELET count and mean PLATELET volume had no significant correlation with cholesterol, albumin, and protein/creatinine ratio in the patients (r > 0.05). Conclusions: The study concluded that PLATELET count was highest in the resistant group compared with responders and controls, while the mean PLATELET volume showed the opposite result. We suggest evaluating these indicators to predict the prognosis of nephrotic syndrome in children.

Background: Several studies have reported the role of PLATELET activation, PLATELET volume (MPV) and other INDICES in breast cancer but the data is inconsistent and diverse. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the role of PLATELET activation and PLATELET volume INDICES in women with BC as predictors of cancer progression and poor prognosis. Methods: The patients were recruited from our local oncology center from 2019 to 2020 following ethics approval. In total, 80 patients with locally invasive BC, 20 metastatic, and 100 controls were recruited. ADP-induced PLATELET activation was assessed by light-transmission aggregometry. PLATELET P-selectin (CD62P) expression with and without ADP stimulation was assessed by flowcytometry. The comprehensive analysis of PLATELET count and PLATELET volume INDICES (PVIs) (MPV, PDW, MPV/P and PDW/P) was conducted. Data was analyzed in relation to tumor pathology, hormone receptors (ER, PR, HER-2) and proliferation index Ki-67. Regression analyses were conducted to predict poor prognosis, tumor aggression and metastatic potential. Results: We found a significant increase in PLATELET aggregation (MA), CD62P expression, CD62P+ADP, MPV, PDW, MPV/P and PDW/P in the metastatic group compared to the locally invasive group. Univariate regression analysis showed significance for ADP MA, CD62P+ADP, MPV and PDW/P. Conclusion: MPV/P and PDW/P can be used as simple low-cost predictors of cancer progression and poor prognosis. We conclude PLATELET activation and specific PLATELET INDICES can help predict prognosis in females with BC.

Background: The changes of PLATELET parameters can be a useful index for rapid diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI), since PLATELET changes are routinely determined through complete blood count (CBC) test. The correlation between PLATELET INDICES, included number (PLTs), mean PLATELET volume (MPV) and PLATELET distribution width (PDW), which are the indicators of production and function of PLATELETs, with UTI was evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 97 patients with UTI (patient group) and 117 healthy people (control group). The average age for the patient and the control group was 10. 84± 6. 68 and 11. 34± 7. 1 years old, respectively. This study was done during 2016-2018 in Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, west of Iran. The PLT, MPV, PDW, and other inflammatory INDICES, including white blood cell, neutrophils, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. The diagnosis of bacteria was done using routine microbiological and biochemical methods. The PLATELET INDICES were statistically compared between the patients and the control groups (T test and Chi square test). Results: The most common isolated gram negative and gram positive bacteria were E. coli, Citrobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In the patient group, PLT number was significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0. 0007), while difference of other INDICES such as MPV, PDW, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CRP, and ESR were not statistically significant between the two groups. In case of UTI with gram positive bacteria, PLT number (p=0. 05) was lower but MPV (p=0. 02) and PDW (p=0. 045) was higher compared to the UTI with gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the PLATELET number could be a useful diagnostic index for urinary tract infection. However, more studies need to be done with higher number of patients to evaluate the more details of PLATELET changes during UTIs.

Background: PLATELET volume INDICES (PVIs) are inexpensive and readily available parameters in intensive care units (ICUs). However, their association with mortality has never been investigated in the post-neurosurgical meningitis (PNM). Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association of PVIs with mortality in PNM patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the adult patients undergone various neurosurgical procedures in a neurosurgery department at a tertiary educational medical center in Tehran from 2016 to 2017. In this study, PLATELET INDICES including mean PLATELET volume (MPV), PLATELET distribution width (PDW), and PLATELET count were measured on ICU admission. Results: A total of 37 patients were included, 18 of whom survived (mortality rate: 50%). PDW and MPV values were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. In non-survivor patients, PLATELET count was significantly lower and PDW was higher at diagnosis and discharge when compared to on admission. Also, there was no significant linear correlation between Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and PLATELET INDICES. The means of these parameters showed no significant differences in CCI categories between the two patient subgroups. Conclusions: The obtained data revealed that the high levels of MPV and PDW in PNM are not associated with the increased risk of mortality, whereas the decrease in PLATELETcrit was not associated with increased risk of mortality

Background: PLATELETs have an important contribution in pathogenesis of different infectious and inflammatory disorders. This study was performed to identify the diagnostic value of PLATELET count (PLT), and PLATELET INDICES in children with acute pyelonephritis (APN). Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional case control study, a total of 91 children with APN and 90 healthy control children were investigated during 2018-2019. About 3 ml EDTA blood was drawn before antibiotic treatment and investigated for white blood count (WBC), Hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), PLATELET counts, and PLATELET INDICES including mean PLATELET volume (MPV), PLATELET distribution width (PDW), and PLATELET large cell ratio (PLCR) in two groups. Then, the results were compared in two groups. Results: Mean age at diagnosis of patients was 34. 57± 30. 96 months. Children with APN had significantly higher PLT, along with lower MPV, PDW and PLCR, compared to the normal healthy group. Using the best cutoff points, PLT>452000, and MPV≤ 7. 7 had the highest sensitivity (96. 67%) and specificity (92. 22%) for diagnosis of APN, respectively. Based on AUC, PLT and PLATELET INDICES were accurate diagnostic markers of APN. Conclusion: Based on the results, PLT and PLATELET INDICES were fast and additional tests for diagnosis of children with acute febrile urinary tract infection.

Background: PLATELETs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications, contributing to thrombus formation or apposition after plaque rupture. PLATELET INDICES are marker of PLATELET function. The aim of our study was to investigate whether mean PLATELET volume (MPV) is associated with the severity and outcome of ACS. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted prospectively from July 2008 to January 2009 at Taleghani Hospital, Urmia in the west of Iran. Patients with unstable angina were participated in the study. After identification of the patients, we extracted detailed data from the medical records, history taking, physical examination and laboratory. One hundred and sixty-four consecutive patients admitted with diagnosis of unstable angina were primarily enrolled in the study. Samples for PLATELET counts and MPV were collected using sodium citrate as anticoagulant and were done on a Sysmex auto-analyzer.Results: The mean age of those undergoing our study protocol was 55.59 years (SD±12.7), and 70 (42.7%) of them, were women. Non ST elevation myocardial infarction was demonstrated in 12 (7.3%) of patients that was admitted for evaluation of unstable angina. Obstructive coronary artery disease was demonstrated in 49 (29.9%) patients. We did not found statistically significant correlation between MPV, PDW and PLCR and occurrence of myocardial infarction. However, in this study data analysis was not showed prognostic value of PLATELET INDICES to predict obstructive coronary lesion in our patients.Conclusions: The study results were not indicated that PLATELET INDICES have prognostic value in patients with unstable angina. However, to evaluate this hypothesis may need to more study with large samples and better design.